C??? vua l?? g??? T???i sao n??n ch??i c??? vua ?

[toproyal2]

???Ng??y x??a, c??ch ????y l??u l???m r???i ??????(kccv)

V??o kho???ng th??? k??? th??? 6, ???n ????? v???n l?? m???t trung t??m v??n h??a v?? ngh??? thu???t... C??c nh?? th??ng th??i c???a th??? gi???i c??? ???y ???? c??ng nhau s??ng t???o m???t tr?? ch??i ???????c g???i l?? ??? Saturanga???, t???c l?? tr?? ch??i b??y tr???n. Tr?? ch??i chi???n ch???n n??y c?? hai b??n tham gia . C??c qu??n t?????ng tr??ng cho m???t th??? tr???n g???m ?????y ????? ch??? huy v?? b???n binh ch???ng qu??n ?????i b???y gi??? . L??c ?????u th??? tr???n ???????c b??y tr??n ?????t , c?? c??? ??? s??ng ??? v?? ??? n??i ??? ng??n c??ch n???a .

C??c nh?? th??ng th??i h???t s???c th?? v??? v???i c??ch b??y binh b??? tr???n c???a m??nh v?? h???c c???m th???y ch??nh h??? l?? nh???ng th???ng l??nh, ch??? huy t???i cao, t??? r?? ???????c t??i ngh??? thao l?????c c???a m??nh. D???n d?? s??n ?????t ???????c thay th??? b???ng b??n c???, qu??n c??????

Ngay t??? h???i ????, giao l??u gi???a ???n ????? v?? c??c n?????c ????ng, T??y l??ng gi???ng kh?? ph??t tri???n. Nh???ng ng?????i ch??? c???a nh???ng chuy???n h??ng ???? h???c ???????c kh?? nhi???u ??i???u hay v?? m???i l???, trong ???? c?? c??? tr?? ch??i Saturanga k??? th?? v?? ???? ??em v??? truy???n l???i cho ?????ng b??o c???a m??nh.

??? Trung ??, tr?? ch??i n??y r???t ???????c ??a chu???ng. M???i ng?????i t??? vua, ch??a ?????n d??n d?? c??ng ???? ????? tr?? th??? t??i v???i nhau. Do nhi???u ng?????i ch??i n??n lu???t ch??i ???????c quy ?????nh l???i cho r?? r??ng.

V??o th??? k??? th??? 9 th??? 10, c??c n?????c ??? R???p g???i Saturanga l?? S??-t??-r??ng v?? nh?? th??ng th??i An Atli s???ng th???i b???y gi??? ???????c m???nh danh l?? qu??n s?? l???i l???c v??? S??-t??-r??ng.

Ng?????i ta cho r???ng nh???ng cu???c x??n l??ng, l???n ?????t ???? ????a S??-t??-r??ng theo c??c thuy???n bi???n v?????t Ch??u ??u, song c??ng c?? th??? n?? ??i theo c??c nh?? truy???n gi??o ho???c theo nh???ng thuy???n bu??n kh?? th???nh h??nh c???a ng?????i Do Th??i sang ch??u ??u l??c b???y gi???.

?????n ???????c Ch??u ??u, ch??? S??-t??-r??ng ch??? c??n l???i ch??? S??t. Th??? l?? t??y theo gi???ng cao th???p c???a m???i d??n t???c m?? c??? Vua ???????c g???i : Echess (Ti???ng Ph??p), Chess (Anh), Sach (Ti???p), Sacmat?? (Nga)???

T???i th??? k??? th??? 17, c??c tr?????ng ph??i c??? b???t ?????u h??nh th??nh. Gi???a th??? k??? 18, t???i Ph??p xu???t hi???n m???t ?????u th??? l???ng danh t??n l?? Andr?? Phili??o (1725-1795). ??ng ???? ????? l???i cho nh???ng ng?????i ch??i c??? ?????i sau c??? m???t kho t??ng v?? gi?? v??? l?? thuy???t c???.

C??ng v??o gi???a th??? k??? 18, m???t nh?? ch??i c??? ng?????i Ph??p n???a t??n l?? Philip Xtamma ???? ngh?? ra m???t c??ch ????n gi???n ????? ????nh d???u t???t c??? c??c ?? c???a b??n c??? m?? ng??y nay ch??ng ta ??ang s??? d???ng.
T??? cu???i th??? k??? 18 ?????n gi???a th??? k??? 19, c??? Vua ???????c ph??t tri???n r???ng kh???p ch??u ??u. Th???i b???y gi??? Paris v?? Lu??n ????n l?? trung t??m thu h??t v?? l?? n??i t??? ch???c nhi???u cu???c tranh t??i tr??n b??n c??? 64 ?? vu??ng k??? di???u ???y.

T???i th??? k??? th??? 19, c??? Vua ???? h??t tri???n t???t b???c ??? c??c n?????c Ch??u ??u. T??? c??c trung t??m c??? ??? ??, T??y Ban Nha, B??? ????o Nha, c??? Vua ph??t tri???n nhanh ch??ng sang Ph??p r???i ?????n Anh, ?????c, Nga???

Gi???a th??? k??? 19 ???? b???t ?????u c?? nh???ng cu???c tranh t??i tr??n quy m?? qu???c t???. R???t nhi???u nh?? ch??i c??? c?? t??n tu???i v??o danh s??ch thi ?????u. Qua c??c cu???c tranh n??y n??y, An????cxen (1818-1879) ???? tr??? th??nh ng?????i ch??i c??? gi???i nh???t ch??u ??u th???i ???y. Ch??nh nh???ng tr???n ?????u gi??nh danh hi???u v?? ?????ch cu???i th??? k??? 19 v?? ?????u th??? k??? 20 l?? ti???n ????? cho s??? ra ?????i c???a t??? ch???c c??? Vua l???n nh???t: Li??n ??o??n C??? Vua Th??? Gi???i (Vi???t t???t theo ti???ng Ph??p l?? FIDE : F??d??ration Internationale des ??checs).

Vua ???????c du nh???p v??o n?????c ta ph???n l???n qua con ???????ng du h???c c???a c??c sinh vi??n Vi???t Nam ??? Nga. V??o kho???ng t??? nh???ng n??m 1950 tr??? ??i, mi???n B???c Vi???t Nam ch??nh th???c b???t ?????u ph??t tri???n b??? m??n n??y. L??c ?????u c??? Vua c?? t??n g???i l?? c??? Qu???c t???, v?? tr?? ch??i n??y ???? ???????c ph??? bi???n r???ng r??i tr??n kh???p to??n th??? gi???i. ?????n n??m 1977-1978 m??n c??? Vua m???i d???n d?? ???????c t??m hi???u v?? ph??t tri???n ??? c??c t???nh ph??a Nam v?? th??nh ph??? H??? Ch?? Minh. T??? ???? ?????n nay, c??? Vua ??? n?????c ta ???? c?? nh???ng b?????c ??i ng??y c??ng m???t v???ng ch???c v?? gi???i tr??? ???? ??o???t ???????c nhi???u huy ch????ng th??? gi???i.

Ng??y nay, b??n c???nh vi???c b???o ?????m dinh d?????ng, r??n luy???n th??? l???c ????? cho c??c em nh??? ???????c m???nh kh???e, h???ng h??o, ng?????i ta c??n b??n nhi???u ?????n v???n ????? r??n luy???n sao cho c??c em c?? ???????c tr?? tu??? minh m???n, bi???t gi???i quy???t kh??o l??o nh???ng c??ng vi???c ph???c t???p, bi???t suy ngh?? ng??y m???t th??m s??u s???c v?? s??ng t???o. ????? cho c??c em c?? m???t b??? ??c kh???e m???nh, m???t tr?? nh??? t???t, c?? ???????c t??nh trung th???c, l??ng ki??n tr?? v?? d??ng c???m, c?? ???????c m???t b??? ??c ph??t tri???n to??n di???n v??? m???t khoa h???c v?? ngh??? thu???t, ch??nh c??? Vua l?? tr?? ch??i (V??ng, ?????i v???i c??c em ???? l?? m???t tr??? ch??i ch??? ko ph???i l?? gi??? h???c to??n!) ????p ???ng ???????c nh???ng y??u c???u ????.
(c??n ti???p)
________
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[urbaninteriors]

Hay quá, cảm ơn laohodaica. Chơi cờ Vua lâu rồi giờ mới biết xuất sứ của nó như thế nào. :)

[b2b-vn]

anh laohodaica sao không post tiếp đi ạ
Đang hay:D

[chenshan]

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[adi]

The Chetco River is a 56-mile-long (90 km) stream located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state) of Oregon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon). It drains (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin) approximately 352 square miles (912 km²) of Curry County (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_County,_Oregon). Flowing through a rugged and isolated coastal region, it descends rapidly from about 3,200 feet (980 m) to sea level at the Pacific Ocean (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean). Except for the lowermost 5 miles (8 km), the river is located entirely within the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_River_%E2%80%93_Siskiyou_National_Forest)New Orleans Saints Tickets (http://www.saintsticketshotspot.com/new-orleans-saints-tickets/)
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The United States Geological Survey (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey) monitors the flow of the Chetco River at a stream gauge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_gauge) at RM 10.7 (RK 17.2), which is 6.8 miles (10.9 km) northeast of Brookings. It opened in 1969, and continues to operate. The average flow was 2,241.4 cubic feet per second (63.5 m³/s) from a drainage area of 271 square miles (702 km²), about 77 percent of the Chetco's total drainage basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Divide_3-1" class="reference">[Note 2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-Divide-3)</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Average_4-1" class="reference">[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-Average-4)</sup> The maximum flow recorded on the north fork was 85,400 cubic feet per second (2,420 m³/s) on December 22, 1964, during the Pacific Northwest flood of 1964 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_flood_of_1964). The minimum flow was 42 cubic feet per second (1 m³/s) on October 14, 1987prepaid plans (http://www.kissmobile.com.au)
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[vhungco]

Over 200 species of animals inhabit the river and its tributaries.<sup id="cite_ref-.237_18-1" class="reference">[17] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-.237-18)</sup> Birds such as loons (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loon), grebes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe), ducks, kingfishers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher), and Bald Eagles (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald_Eagle) are known to live around streams and other regions of the watershed.<sup id="cite_ref-75_Hikes_24-1" class="reference">[23] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-75_Hikes-24)</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Birding_25-0" class="reference">[24] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-Birding-25)</sup> Auks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk), gulls (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull), and terns (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tern) have been spotted around the river's mouth, and Black-legged Kittiwakes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-legged_Kittiwake) nest in the area during the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-Birding_25-1" class="reference">[24] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-Birding-25)</sup> The wildlife in the Kalmiopsis region of the Chetco watershed is more diverse (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity) than that of any other region in Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilderness54_20-1" class="reference">[19] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetco_River#cite_note-Wilderness54-20)</sup> Mammals such as Black Bears (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Black_Bear), Black-tailed Deer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-tailed_Deer), Bobcats (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobcat), Ring-tailed Cats (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed_Cat), and Gray Foxes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Fox) are common inhabitants of this regioncrisis intervention (http://www.aihcp.org/crisis-intervention.htm)
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their idea fell on open ears wherever they went, and the most frequent reaction to their proposal was the expression of disbelief that a festival like this did not already exist in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Musser_0-1" class="reference">[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Science_Festival,_2008#cite_note-Musser-0)</sup> Early 2006 saw the founding of the Science Festival Foundation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Festival_Foundation) (SFF), a non-profit organization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organization) based in New York City, dedicated to organizing the festival and related eventsKosher Catering NYC (http://www.olympicpita.com)
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The Festival's cultural program ranged from a string theory (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory)-themed dance performance choreographed by Karole Armitage (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karole_Armitage) to a storytelling event in cooperation with The Moth (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moth), which featured journalist and writer Lucy Hawking (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Hawking), physicist Jim Gates (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gates) and writer Sam Shepard (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Shepard), among others. Alan Alda revisited his role as Richard Feynman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman) in Peter Parnell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Parnell)'s play QED (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QED_%28play%29) in a staged reading at Columbia University's Miller Theatre (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Theatre)Dentists in Preston (http://www.dentistspreston.co.uk/)
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coverage of festival events was generally positive. Both Good Morning America (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Morning_America) and Science News (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_News) focused on the potential of the festival to inspire the next generation of scientists and "make geek chic".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference">[16] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Science_Festival,_2008#cite_note-15)</sup> The New York Post (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post) described the festival's role in New York's cultural landscape as the geek counterpart of Fashion Week (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Week) and the Tony Awards (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Awards),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference">[17] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Science_Festival,_2008#cite_note-16)</sup> while the Science Channel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Channel)'s coverage characterized the festival as "wonderfully inspiring and informative".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference">[18] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Science_Festival,_2008#cite_note-17)</sup> The New York Times (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times) noted that Greene and Day appeared to have succeeded in creating "a new cultural institution";<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference">[19] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Science_Festival,_2008#cite_note-18)</sup> further Times articles declared the festival a critical and a box office successbuy a company (http://www.gimmethatbusinessforsale.com/_buying_a_company_in_fl_nv_ca_ny_sc.asp)Jobs in Kent (http://www.newjobsinkent.com)
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